Public-private+partnerships

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==Venture capital financing and other investment alternatives for technology companies: Risk Capital in Developing and Middle-income Countries ==

Module 5. Public-private partnerships
__Definition__:  Arrangements whereby the private sector provides infrastructure assets and services that traditionally have been provided by government, such as hospitals, schools, prisons, roads, bridges, tunnels, railways, and water and sanitation plants __Context__:  Cases where the private operator has some responsibility for asset maintenance and improvement are also described as concessions. While there is no clear agreement on what does or does not constitute a PPP, they should involve the transfer of risk from the government to the private sector.

 Source: IMF, 2007, Manual on Fiscal Transparency, IMF, Washington DC, Glossary = =

__OECD symposium on agencies and public-private partnerships 2006 __ []

__Selected PowerPoint presentations from the OECD symposium __

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__Institutional Arrangement for the Effective Delivery of PPP__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[]


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What do you need to create a good quality PPP Programme?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">What can a Central Body Achieve?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Essential Attributes of a Central Body
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Examples
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Delivery Bodies for Specific Programmes or Projects

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__The Economics of Public-Private Partnerships__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[]


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Country experiences suggest that PPPs are best suited for economic infrastructure, such as highways and ports. However, in some countries (e.g., U.K.) they have also been used successfully for certain social infrastructures
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">PPPs offer significant potential benefits, including: Efficiency from private sector involvement; Internalize the benefits from building high quality physical assets; Likelihood of better maintenance of assets.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Contrary to widespread beliefs, financing considerations should not be key.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">For PPP benefits to be realized, incentives have to be right.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Experience shows that institutional and legal factors play an important role in ensuring the success of PPPs.
 * <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Key Features of Successful PPPs
 * <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fiscal Risks and Fiscal Accounting
 * <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Treatment of PPPs in Medium-Term
 * <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fiscal and Debt Scenarios

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__PPP: Fiscal Approach__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[]


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Brazil has positive experience with private investment in infrastructure – roads, rail, power, ports, telecom.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Brazil legal framework to provide public service BEFORE PPP Law
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">institutional framework
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fiscal Concerns
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Examples of PPP moral hazard
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">On the fiscal Perspective: The importance of Accounting

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__Legal Frameworks for PPPs__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[]


 * <span style="color: #292929; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Is it necessary to have special PPP law (legislation)?
 * <span style="color: #292929; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Is it convenient to have standardization of contract clauses and procurement procedures?
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The recent Federal Act Brazil – so called “PPP Federal Act”
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Worries with flexibility in structuring and contracting PPP´s

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__Financing PPPs: Project Finance__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[]


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Financing Structure
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Financial institution rules
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Financing tools
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Spanish market advantages
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Main risks
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Risk mitigation